Description: This paper is from Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1955 Volume 7, Number 17. The author notes that recent advances in calculating equipment make possible producing graduations much more elaborate than any done previously. The paper confines itself to the problem of graduating a single column of rates, such as an ultimate column, using a Whittaker-Henderson B graduation of the fourth order. The author provides a detailed description of the process with significant mathematical theory.

Description: This article from the Digest of Informal Discussion, Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1955 Volume 7, Number 17, identifies the participants and summarizes their comments. Discussion topics include: whether changes in ordinary insurance mortality are significant enough to consider preparing a more up-to-date mortality table for reserve purposes problems involved in constructing and securing statutory approval of annuity reserve tables with built in mortality improvement factors extent to which differences between current premium rate mortality assumptions and CSO mortality contribute to problems with deficiency reserves and arguments for and against the adoption of a different actuarial basis for deficiency reserves.

Description: This report discusses the use of a basic table of net annual claim costs for hospital and surgical expense insurance as adopted by the NAIC in 1956 to be used as a minimum reserve standard for loss-of-time benefits. It is the intention of this paper to outline the characteristics of the table, to discuss the factors which influence reserve considerations, and to describe suitable methods of determining active and disabled life reserves for the types of benefit provisions now most generally offered. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1965, Vol. 17, Pt. 1, No. 49.

Description: It is the purpose of this paper to provide data derived from actual claim experience on lives age 65 and over in a form that will facilitate actuarial calculations involving modification of durations of hospital stay and variations in the allowances provided for miscellaneous services billed by the hospital. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1963, Vol. 15, pt. 1, No. 43.

Description: Examination of how mean reserve factors can best be calculated in light of the new accounting reporting requirements for the earnings of stock life insurance companies. Also examines some methods of expense amortization, including the reserve factor method, and also attempt to show an informative comparison of how reported calendar-year earnings can be expected to emerge with statutory mean reserve factors, natural mean reserve factors, and assorted expense amortization methods. Followed by several submitted discussion papers

Description: When an insurer classifies risks for the purpose of setting rates, one of the goals is to achieve equity. In general, however, inequities can be introduced when only certain factors are considered and others ignored. This paper, guided by ideas used by economists to measure income inequality, proposes a method of measuring this inequity. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1987, Vol. 39.

Description: This paper summarizes default experience on bonds from 1900 through 1987. Although the information is more extensive for publicly traded bonds, the paper includes some information on private placements, some of which is not otherwise available.

Description: This paper explores a reserving technique in which profits are recognized as a percentage of assets. Followed by a discussion of the paper.

Description: This discussion looks at the preparation of the annual statement on a new form, the difficulties of meeting the requirement to report both incurred and cash entries, the problems which have arisen as result of the requirement that net capital gain or loss be split between realized and unrealized, and the effect the continued requirement of a Security Valuation Reserve prescribed by the NAIC will have on matters such as dividend apportionment and reserve strengthening.

Description: This paper builds on the analysis of Berin and Lofgren of 'Financial Accounting Standard No. 87', with regards to pension plans. The relationships between the quantities defined in FAS 87 are further explored, and the analysis is extended to cover FAS 88, 'Employers Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined-Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits'.